The cases / Legal / expert testimony
A Stanford expert's deepfake-law declaration cited two papers GPT-4o made up
What the AI said
Citations to two academic articles, and an author list for a third, in a sworn declaration defending Minnesota's deepfake law.
What was actually true
The two articles don't exist, and the third was cited with the wrong authors.
Cost or impact
The court excluded the declaration and denied the Minnesota Attorney General leave to file an amended one.
Who caught it
Plaintiffs' counsel (Kohls v. Ellison), in a motion to exclude.
Check that would have caught it Our analysis
source citation. A sworn declaration's references get checked against the actual papers, every one.
This is our judgment, not something the sources say. How we assign it.
Sources
- govinfo.govhttps://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-mnd-0_24-cv-03754/pdf/USCOURTS-mnd-0_24-cv-03754-0.pdf
Links last checked Oct 24, 2026. If something here is wrong, send a correction.